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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

RCEP生效一周年 宁夏企业享惠进出口货值逾8.3亿元******

　　中新网银川1月10日电 (记者 李佩珊)记者10日从银川海关获悉，自《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)2022年1月1日正式生效至今，宁夏RCEP项下享惠进出口货值8.39亿元(人民币，下同)，进出口企业享受RCEP关税优惠约2500万元。其中，受益最明显的是机械制造、清洁能源等产业和特色农食产品加工上下游产业链。

　　RCEP协定释放的政策红利，成为宁夏壮大开放产业、实现更高水平对外开放的强大动力。

　　“我们公司生产枸杞、大枣、黄花菜、菊花、桑果干等特色农产品，主要出口到日本。2022年以来，借助RCEP实施机遇，通过积极开拓国际市场‘抢订单’，结识了不少‘新朋友’。”宁夏弘耘行生物科技有限公司贸易部胡文静说，凭借海关签发的RCEP原产地证书，其公司出口产品在对方国家还可享受8%至12%的降税幅度，真正实现双赢。

　　关税减让是RCEP的最大亮点，真金白银的实惠让企业签证热情高涨。“有了我们提供的RCEP证书，客户在海外办理通关手续时就可获得对方国家的关税减让优惠，极大提升了公司国际市场竞争力。同时，在银川海关的指导下，我们已经顺利通过了RCEP项下经核准出口商审核认定，成为RCEP实施后宁夏首家经核准出口商，公司产品在RCEP‘朋友圈’中认可度更高，我们的信心和底气也更足。”宁夏伊品生物科技股份有限公司海关业务负责人罗莹表示。

　　一年来，银川海关全力帮助进出口企业充分把握RCEP带来的新机遇，通过线上线下多种形式开展专题宣传培训，加强RCEP实施效果跟踪，在进出口两端同时释放政策红利，全力激发市场潜力，引导关区企业知惠、用惠、享惠，有效提振地区经济复苏信心。

　　截至目前，银川海关共为宁夏45家企业签发RCEP原产地证书652份，签证货值7.35亿元。签证产品主要出口至日本、韩国、泰国、新加坡、越南和马来西亚。以平均3%关税优惠计算，出口产品预计可享受目标国关税优惠约2205万元。同时，宁夏2022年共有7家企业享受RCEP协定关税优惠进口货物，合计进口货值1.04亿元，进口贸易国分别为日本和越南，预计可享受进口关税优惠约283万元。(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）